Everything about Baud totally explained
In
telecommunications and
electronics,
baud (unit symbol "Bd") is synonymous to
symbols/s or
pulses/s. It is the unit of
symbol rate, also known as
baud rate or
modulation rate; the number of distinct
symbol changes (signalling events) made to the transmission medium per
second in a digitally
modulated signal or a
line code. The baud rate is related to but shouldn't be confused with
gross bit rate expressed in bit/s.
The
symbol duration time, also known as
unit interval, can be directly measured as the time between transitions by looking into an
eye diagram of an
oscilloscope. The symbol duration time
Ts can be calculated as:
»
In that case
M=2
N different symbols are used. In a modem, these may be sinewave tones with unique combinations of amplitude, phase and/or frequency. For example, in a
64QAM modem,
M=64. In a line code, these may be
M different voltage levels.
By taking information per pulse
N in bit/pulse to be the base-2-
logarithm of the number of distinct messages
M that could be sent,
Hartley constructed a measure of the
gross bitrate R as:
»
where
fs is the baud rate in symbols/second or pulses/second. (See
Hartley's law).
Further Information
Get more info on 'Baud'.
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